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Authoritarian regimes are systems of government that have no established mechanism for the transfer of executive power and do not afford their citizens civil liberties or political rights. New social problems emerged from the impact of rapid industrialization and the growth of cities. Crises states are induced by: War, including the aftermath of war. But the Nazis never received more than 38% of the vote in a free national election. This created famine conditions. A devastating biological virus has translated into a damaging political virus that has markedly eroded the overall state of freedom in the world in just six months. Furthermore, Mussolini brought discipline to the party and aligned it more uniformly with the aims of the state. (Nov 10)), Analyse the circumstances that helpedoneright-wing leader to become the ruler of a single-party state. Paper 2 questions- Origins and development of Authoritarian and single-party states Emergence of Authoritarian States: - Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors, social division, impact of war, weakness of political system. (May 10 TZ1), Assess the importance of economic distress and ideological appeal in the rise to power of one left-wing and one right-wing single-party ruler. In 1935 Italy invaded Ethiopia, and used similar harsh tactics. Summarise how Castro established control, and how he dealt with external and internal enemies 'Maintenance of power was reliant upon the silencing of opposition". (May 2007, May 2005), It was personality and not circumstances that brought rulers of single-party states to power. To what extent do you agree with this statement? - How did the collapse of the USSR affect Cuba? (May 2010), Assess the importance of economic distress and ideological appeal in the rise to power ofoneleft-wing andoneright-wing single-party ruler. 1. But they are a minority in the authoritarian camp, and regimes with relatively successful pandemic responses are not guaranteed to reap political benefits from their actions. The fighting in northern Italy had shaped the Fascist movement in four ways: By 1922, with these experiences behind them, Mussolini and his followers liked their chances of taking over Italy. Photo of young Italian boys wearing Ballilla uniforms. In a complex, changing, and increasingly contested world, the Carnegie Endowment generates strategic ideas and independent analysis, supports diplomacy, and trains the next generation of international scholar-practitioners to help countries and institutions take on the most difficult global problems and safeguard peace. Neysun Mahboubi, a research scholar at the Center for the Study of Contemporary China at the University of Pennsylvania, said on Twitter that Lus comments were totally stupid and that the level of incompetence is just staggering. Germanys territory was reduced by 13%. - DEPENDANT GERMANY Italy became increasingly more dependant on Nazi Germany --> Germany supported when League of Nations tried to oppose their aggression In 1949-58, 75% of all imports came from the USA; 65% of all exports went to the USA. Alternatively, some regimes also must grapple with the demands of influential societal sectors, even at the expense of delaying the governments response to the pandemic. Standards of behavior were changing. Some burned it for fuel. - abortion and divorce were illegal, -Racism appeared a bit in Romanita movement: 'prestigious race' needed to create and maintain empire We demand vengeance!. Before you read the article, you should skim it first. . They did not use race. The conditions in which authoritarian states emerged were mainly determined by economic factors.. Sexual norms were in flux. -Must give jobs to men The Nazi Party recruited, organized, and produced a newspaper to spread its message. David has worked for two academic journals, Posted 2 years ago. In the aftermath of World War I, Germans struggled to understand their countrys uncertain future. Use of legal methods; use of force; charismatic leadership; dissemination of propaganda, - ABYSSINIA: Italy decides to invade Abyssinia (won and took steps towards rebuilding roman empire) Using the terms fascism and Nazism interchangeably is incorrect because they are not synonyms. President Hindenburg signed a decree that suspended all basic civil rights and constitutional protections, providing the basis for arbitrary police actions. Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leaders; ideology; the use of force; propaganda, 2. Summarise Castro's rise to power in terms of: - conditions faced; mistakes + weaknesses of others, Compare and contrast the role of propaganda in the emergence of two authoritarian states, each from different regions. 2016. In Singapores elections in early July, the main opposition party won more seats than any opposition force has in decades, at least partly due to citizens discontent over the governments pandemic response. Mussolini's war against Ethiopia in 1935 brought race into focus as a Fascist concern. IB2 History/ Susanna Soininen If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. The Chinese embassy in Paris issued a formal statement saying Lus comments were not a policy declaration but the expression of personal viewpoints during a television interview. "The conditions in which authoritarian states emerged were mainly determined by economic factors." Discuss with reference to two authoritarian states. Keep in mind that when you read the article, it is a good idea to write down any vocab you see in the article that is unfamiliar to you. Though this massacre was never acknowledged, some Japanese leaders privately justified it as necessary to "pacify" ("make peaceful") the Chinese population, whom they saw as members of an inferior nation. Those that have done well may gain enhanced domestic popularity and credibility for their competence, thus reinforcing their hold on power. The leaders of Tajikistan and Turkmenistan both responded to the arrival of the virus by outright denying its presence in their countries. How successful was it? First and foremost is a penchant for feeble rather than decisive leadership. Hitlers ideological goals included territorial expansion, consolidation of a racially pure state, and elimination of the European Jews and other perceived enemies of Germany. 1 Not only is the proportion of authoritarian states on the decline, but the proportion of authoritarian states that have institutions conventionally associated . HL/SL: World History topic 10: Authoritarian States (20th Century) Historical examples of such centralized totalitarian rule include the Mauryan dynasty of India (c. 321-c. 185 bce ), the Qin dynasty of China (221 . New ideas introduced in politics. - What solutions were implemented? The German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier warned this year that there is a "worldwide fascination with authoritarianism".. Key Weaknesses Plaguing Authoritarians. There, tensions over pay and work conditions had put landowning farmers in conflict with Socialist-backed workers. In Russia, for example, Putin devolved pandemic decisionmaking to regional officials more accustomed to executing his orders than responding to local citizens concerns. One senior EU diplomat said the EU needed to do better in handling relations with China and find a unified line. Stalin and his supporters identified their enemies in political and social ways. -PACT OF STEELE formal military alliance committing Italy to fight on Germany's side in the event of war PDF Unit Four: The Rise and Rule of Single Party States - WordPress.com By using this website, you agree to our cookie policy. Communist Party: -Fear of Bolshevik revolution. In 1932, ninety-nine people were killed in the streets in one month. In Iran, in late February as the coronavirus began spreading through the country, Shia clerics vociferously resisted government demands that major shrines be closedan encapsulation of the power of the countrys religious establishment. The Fascists learned that paramilitary violence was an effective political tool. NARRATOR: that a minimum of three authoritarian states should be studied. 83 - How did Castro deal with Lanz + Urrutria, and how did this reflect on him as leader? TEXT ON SCREEN: This resulted in the Great Purge of 1936-38. First he attacked the Greek island of Corfu. German authorities sent thousands, including leftist members of Parliament, to newly established concentration camps. Adolf Hitler was not elected to office and he did not have to seize power. Dont assume western democracy will last forever, Ukraine ammunition depot reportedly hit in wave of Russian missile attacks. The theoretical framework of this study on democratic and authoritarian post-colonial states is based on an historical study of the emergence of the dominant class forces that shaped the types of regimes found in Malaysia and Indonesia. (May 07), It was personality and not circumstances that brought rulers of single-party states to power. To what extent do you agree with this statement? Mussolini, founder of the Italian National Fascist party, was among the first to experiment in this way. Sexual norms were in flux. colonial rule (1910-1945). They would call their empire the "Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere". Japan still had a problem of too few natural resources, and they needed minerals, timber, and oil from abroad. But deep-seated attitudes about racial hierarchy played out during the conflict. Will the Invasion of Ukraine Change Russia-Africa Relations? Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system, 2.) He served only a short jail sentence, and after the ban was lifted on his National Socialist Party, Hitler and his followers rejoined the battle in the streets and in the countryside. Ultimately, however, the Fascists were unable to achieve the kind of totalitarian, authoritarian system they had envisioned. In this way, militarism and imperialism broadened Fascism's appeal. Ideology and more. 99-100 - What was the Ochoa Affair and how did it affect Cuba? Before the onset of the Great Depression in Germany in 1929-1930, the National Socialist German Workers' Party (or Nazi Party for short) was a small party on the radical right of the German political spectrum. - How was land reform implemented from 1950s onwards? Still, Fascism in Italy was not without racism. Dams, Diversions, and Development: Slow Resistance and Authoritarian Hitler proved to be a charismatic campaigner and used the latest technology to reach people. Emergence of authoritarian states. 97. Building Civil Society In Authoritarian China Importance Of . After nearly two years of fighting and more than one-hundred deaths, the Fascists had defeated the Socialists. Millions of veterans were crippled in body and in spirit. Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system Later in the 1930s, Fascism was strengthened both by Mussolini's attempts to build an overseas empire as well as the increasing likelihood of war in Europe. A good government without propaganda is not more possible than good propaganda without a good government.