They maintain cell shape. D. panmixis E. myxomycetosis, When a ciliate reproduces asexually by mitosis: A. A 'hairy' flagellum is often paired with a shorter, smooth flagellum. C. The zygote undergoes meiosis and produces many Some algae are more closely related to plants than they are to other algae. They possess chlorophylls a and c, carotenoids, and xanthophylls, including fucoxanthin (which is a signature molecule for many members of this group). The remaining haploid micronucleus then undergoes mitosis to produce an exact duplicate. Stramenopiles This is a large and diverse group of organisms that is also known as the Heterokonta or as heterokonts. T or F, Slime molds are in the supergroup The Mesomycetozoa form a small group of parasites, primarily of fish, and at least one form that can parasitize humans. photosynthesis C. light absorbed by other pigments and A. C. osmotrophic D. autotrophic E. mixotrophic. After four additional generations, how many total progeny cells do you expect there to be? C. A E. fossilized coral reefs. D. flexible protein ribbons beneath the plasma membrane -They are neither heterotrophic nor autotrophic, they are decomposers. D. interaction of genetic and environmental changes. -Food webs would be unchanged. -It formed the endoplasmic reticulum. D. Endospores cannot resist stressful conditions whereas akinetes can. Stramenopiles are a branch of SAR that is distinguished from other members based on the presence of a unique flagellar hair called the "stramenopile hair." This hair consists of a cylindrical, helically coiled, tubular structure that is encased by a thin p lasma membrane. This group includes theStramenopiles,Alveolates, andRhizarians. smaller E. because the gametes experience difficulty in exiting Chrysophytes(golden algae and yellow-green algae): The golden algae and yellow-green algae are often placed in separate classes. diploid micronucleus, that (7) divides mitotically, producing diploid -the presence of a feeding groove mid-19th century because of a failure of the Irish potato crop caused cilia protein ooze flagella pseudopodia pseudopodia Which group of protists is most closely related to animals? Common origin of ornithine-urea cycle in opisthokonts and stramenopiles C. anaerobic, heterotrophic, prokaryotic. -Nutrients from dead organisms could not be recycled. the choanoflagellates micronuclei and then divide into two with each new cell receiving an C. Akinetes cannot resist stressful conditions whereas endospores can. protists are in the same phylum, C. that all protists are not more closely related to each other than mitochondria C. nuclei D. both chloroplasts and shooting sharp projectiles E. spines, Bioluminescence is: A. emission of flashes of light by [16], Over time, the scope of application has changed, especially when in the 1970s ultrastructural studies revealed greater diversity among the algae with chromoplasts (chlorophylls a and c) than had previously been recognized. the stramenopiles are monophyletic, they carry no single unifying synapo- . B. red algae E. They contain endosymbionts. Type III systems infect cells using pili as transfer tubes whereas Type IV systems bind to the cellular membrane by slimy mucilage and toxins diffuse across the membrane. Both frustules are replaced by individuals that are formed sexually. C. Their negative effects would be increased because it will cause them to produce mucilage, allowing them to stick to teeth. C. The macronucleus doesn't divide but it goes to one new cell and the 23.3C: Chromalveolata- Stramenopiles - Biology LibreTexts D. the use of microorganisms to attack pathogenic bacteria Older rock is deeper and older organisms are deeper in the rock bed, length of time required for a radioisotope to decay to exactly one-half of its initial quantity, "energized" and polymerized "linked" to form DNA RNA proteins, membrane forms and encloses DNA RNA proteins, urey-miller replicates old earth atmosphere (lightning) amino acids, nucleotide precursors, meteorites brought organic carbon to Earth atmosphere, biologically important molecules may have been formed in the temperature gradient between extremely hot vent water and cold ocean water, have all organelles that formed by ingestion, can occupy habitats with extreme conditions, ~50 phyla, most favor moderate conditions, sometimes form symbiotic relationships with eukaryotes, small, peptidoglycan membrane, horizontal gene transfer, gram stain, named for blue-green color, the only prokaryotes that generate oxygen, photosynthetic, fixes nitrogen, wetland, abundant in fresh water, oceans and wetlands and on surfaces of arid soils He also included the not-closely-related haptophytes. C. archaeal ancestors Although heterotrophic they may contain zooxanthellae (dinoflagellate endosymbionts). C. Amoebozoa Bacteria do not belong to kingdom Protista. Photosynthetic stramenopiles possess chloroplasts with four layers of membrane. Ciliates also have a unique method of sexual reproduction, calledconjugation. cycle E. spontaneous generation, Diatoms have a special problem: A. because their + and - The two ciliates exchange one micronucleus, then the two fuse to form a new diploid micronucleus. E. exchange of genes between two cells, Bioremediation is: Haptophyta, The plastids of red algae originated via: 2.both strains were toxic C. Phytophora infestans B. O Which of the following statements DOES NOT characterize decomposers? Most are unicellular and have a zygotic cycle. nisation is unique to . There is an alternation of A. against predation. identical macronucleus. B. primitive RNA They prevent horizontal gene transfer. C. breaking down wastes, toxins, explosives, and petrochemicals [19], Most stramenopiles have two flagella near the apex. A. thylakoids -are all more closely related to fungi than they are to any other organisms heat-resistant spores that increase the population size and aid in C. the absorption of light by pigments for transfer to chlorophyll a A. green algae In this relationship, Rhizobium is an example of a(n): mitotically and one of the daughter nuclei passes to an individual of E. peptidoglycan. Some of the bacterivorous stramenopiles, such as Cafeteria are common and widespread consumers of bacteria, and thus play a major role in recycling carbon and nutrients within microbial food webs. Some of the groups other than Gyrista have been described as belonging to the Bigyra, which may however be paraphyletic. sporophyte dispersal. Which of the following statements is NOT true of any Foraminifera? Diatom frustules have provided an extensive fossil record for this group (back to the Jurassic Period), and large sedimentary deposits of frustules are commercially mined and sold as diatomaceous earth. A. -are all members of the same phylum Twenty-one classes are recognized including five nonphotosynthetic groups. A. protecting the flagellum B. filtering bacterial food B. Akinetes are not capable of locomotion whereas endospores move freely. B. [20] They are usually supported by four microtubule roots in a distinctive pattern. Alveolata Foraminifera(foraminiferans or forams):Foraminiferans are a large group of unicellular, (mostly) marine rhizarians that have a calcareous fenestrate test. D. It provided evidence that the earliest life forms were heterotrophic. D. dengue fever because their two halves fit like the lid and body of a pillbox and on The posterior flagellum is smooth (whiplash flagella), trailing, and shorter, sometimes much reduced. If this chemical is incorporated into a mouthwash, how would it affect the community of bacteria that cause dental plaque? protozoans D. periphyton E. viruses, Phytophthora, a pathogen attacking a wide variety of plants, Proteomics analysis of heterogeneous flagella in brown algae B. red-orange -It provided the ability to carry out glycolysis. B. Nitrogen (N) D. No movement because the cell synthesizes its own food -They are autotrophs, but they are not parasite. that all protists are not in the same phylum E. that all This stramenopile cell has a single hairy flagellum and a secondary smooth flagellum. slime molds Some excavates lack classical mitochondria, and are called amitochondriate, although most retain a mitochondrial organelle in greatly modified form (e.g. Many important photosynthesizers are stramenopiles and not all stramenopiles are single-celled. B. bacteriophages B. the phases through which cells pass during Water molds are common in fresh water and moist soil ecosystems. E. lockjaw. petroleum deposits. These flagellates swim in the direction the hair-bearing flagellum is pointing. Archaeplastida is more general in including the red algae and the glaucophytes. What are the three primary characteristics of organisms in the phylum Dinoflagellata? C. osmotrophic How do stramenopiles reproduce? - Possess 2 simple flagella for locomotion - Produce significant blooms. -A host cell ingests two or more symbionts simultaneously. A. E. It helped provide a date for the emergence of bilateral symmetry in animals. The stipes of some kelps have a central zone of elongated conducting cells. Stramenopiles (also called heterokonts) are an extremely diverse group of parasites, heterotrophs, and algae that are found in similarly diverse habitats. part of the plankton? The siliceous skeletons of radiolarians are easily fossilized, and consequently the fossil history of this group is well known. Krylov, M. V.; Dobrovolskii, A. Stramenopila, How do members of the Amoebozoa move? E. They attach to host cells Although bacteria are unicellular, as are most protists, they are very different organisms. E. Conquest of land by arthropods and vertebrates and an increase in animal body sizes. Their storage carbohydrate is chrysolaminarin. How would L. monocytogenes be affected if its actin-like cytoskeletal proteins were no longer functional? B. mutualism Newly recognized relatives included the parasitic opalines, proteromonads, and actinophryid heliozoa. BIO331 Final: Eukaryotic Microbes Flashcards | Quizlet One notable change was due to the emergence of photosynthetic organisms. All form biflagellate motile cells at some point during their life cycles. A bacterial cell undergoes binary fission. These algae are referred to as: Which of the following means of motility in protists are structurally similar? The protists are a diverse group of eukaryotes that cannot be classified as animals, plants, or fungi. They have cellulosic cell walls that often contain the polysaccharide alginic acid (algin). Cavalier-Smith 1993, Bolidophyceae Guillou & Chretiennot-Dinet 1999, Phaeophyceae (brown seaweeds) Hansgirg 1886. the zygote, Sexual reproduction occurs in all protists. They joined other heterotrophic protists, such as bicosoecids, labyrinthulids, and oomycete fungi, that were included by some as heterokonts and excluded by others. Their negative effects would be reduced because they will no longer be able to produce the acid that damages teeth. the organism, collect food, and propel reproductive cells, E. propel the organism, collect food, and propel reproductive cells, Phagocytosis (Phagotrophy) is: A.attack of cells by The term 'stramenopile' was introduced by D. J. Patterson in 1989, defining a group that overlapped with the ambiguously defined heterokonts. They are not photosynthetic, but have a structure called the apicoplast, which is the remnant of the original red algae-derived endosymbiont. The latter are among the most significant primary producers in marine and freshwater ecosystems. E. lysosomes, mitochondria, chloroplast, parasitic, In eukaryotes, genes involved in transcription and translation are derived from ___________. It occurs when genes are transferred from parent to progeny. These pigments absorb the quality of light prevalent in their It will be less efficient at exchanging materials with its environment. C. respond to light with the aid of flotation devices E. neophytes, Under what environmental conditions would it be MOST advantageous for the photoautotrophic dinoflagellate Peridinium limbatum to reproduce asexually? The chromalveolates can be subdivided into alveolates and stramenopiles. Apicomplexans are named for an apical complex, which may help the organism penetrate a host cell. A. Fritsch 1935, The classification of the Stramenopiles according to Adl et al. These flagella pull motile cells through the water. Metabolically they include chemoheterotrophs, photoautotrophs, and mixotrophs. Several million years later, archeologists are digging at the spot where the deer died and was buried. B. A. Aerobic cellular respiration. Among the stramenopiles are the unicellular diatoms, the multicellular brown algae, and the nonphotosynthetic oomycetes, many of which are saprobic. D. Type III systems use flagella modified as "syringes" to inject materials into cells they are infecting whereas Type IV systems use modified pili as transfer tubes. E. Water vapor (HO), Genetic material (DNA and RNA) are found in three distinct organelles in eukaryotic cells. closely related to each other than they are to any other kind of A. In the past, they were grouped with fungi and other protists based on their morphology. C. conjugation The alveolates, protists characterized by the presence of sacs of fluid under the cell membrane called alveoli, are one such group. a hydrogenosome or mitosome). A. E. mass-settling, The photosynthetic activity of cyanobacteria takes place in their: D. It can occur through endosymbiosis. nausea E. alternating chills and fever, The malarial stage infecting red blood cells of humans are the: Rhodophyta [15] The term 'stramenopile' sought to identify a clade (monophyletic and holophyletic lineage) using the approach developed by transformed cladists of pointing to a defining innovative characteristic or apomorphy. Stramenopila E. Alveolata, Slime molds are in the supergroup: A. Opisthokonta B. -a multicellular protist, single dormant cells with thick and protective cell walls, Sexual reproduction in ciliates occurs by:
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