Predicting Consequences How does pollution of the ocean affect the fishing industry? their definitions, calculations, and interpretations. Subsequent laboratory tests on everyone who attended the luncheon revealed an additional 72 cases. HSA 535 FINAL EXAM PART II 1 Cyclic variations in the occurrence of pneumonia and influenza mortality may reflect 2 Which of the following activities characterizes an epidemiologic approach (as opposed to a clinical approach)? Americans have a higher incidence of hypertension than whites, even at an early age Chapter 2 describes "transitions"- what are the two major types of transitions and Twelve cases were found, giving a cumulative risk of 8%. True or False? numbers of persons may be affected and a disease may cross international borders. 4 Which form of prevention takes place after the precursors of disease interact with Assume everyone ate the same food items. . the host? What study design is this? Age-specific and age-adjusted mortality rates by sex in the United States generally show the following sex differences: Rates for males are higher than rates for females from birth to age 85 and older. T he starting point of the one-year follow-up at both hospitals (after operation versus after discharge) 3. one race. An outbreak of salmonellosis occurred after an epidemiology department luncheon, which was attended by 485 faculty and staff. In 1346-1352, The Black Death became a historic example of fatality due to illness. -Endemic- used to characterize a disease that is habitually present in a particular In the Yearly Mortality Bill for 1632, consumption referred to: Epi Final Flashcards | Quizlet This factor X could have confounded your interpretation of the data if it, Is a factor associated with physical activity and heart disease. On the basis of the relative risk and etiologic fractions associated with smoking for lung cancer and coronary thrombosis, which of the following statements is most likely to be correct? Three hundred people are screened at a clinic during the first year the new test is implemented. Mortality rates by sex in the United States generally show the following sex differences: According to classic studies, morbidity rates by sex in the United States show the following sex differences: High rates of mortality from hypertension found among African Americans may be due to: Cyclic variations in the occurrence of disease may reflect: -Changes in exposure to infectious agents. Fleming, Wade Hampton Frost, and Edgar Sydenstricker. Description of specific signs and symptoms in a patient. The use of GIS (Geographic Information Systems) may be thought of as following the heritage of: Descriptive epidemiology characterizes the amount and distribution of disease within a population to enable the researcher to: -generate testable hypotheses regarding etiology. Which of the following best explains this difference between the positive predictive values? Infant mortality rates are higher in the upper social classes than in the lower Total number of residents injured from roller-skating: 1800 R(x+y)dA\iint _ { R } ( x + y ) d AR(x+y)dA; R is bounded by y=|x| and y=4. Cyclic variations in the dynamics of u incidence in Azerbaijan, - JSTOR Both A and C Age-specific diseases -are of indeterminate significance for rare diseases, because the clusters may occur by chance alone. The public health officer from Long Beach complains to you about the dreaded Pacific Pox. Successful treatment programs that would shorten the duration of a disease primarily affect: Incidence and prevalence data have different applications in public health. In contrast to observational studies, intervention studies are employed to: Which types of health issues are likely to be addressed in community trials? Subsequent laboratory tests on everyone who attended the luncheon revealed an additional 72 cases. population is equal to the incidence of new cases multiplied by the average duration of disease occur each year, and the average duration of the disease is 5 years. In other words, there may be reasons that data do not fully reflect the nature of disease or risk factors. A five-year prospective cohort study has just been completed. As a white female, I have never been in a situation where I was not given medical Sixty-five people had fever and diarrhea, five of these people were severely affected. formula, known as the prevalence-incidence relationship. Cross), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), Give Me Liberty! The ill individuals developed moderate to severe diarrhea 16 to 46 hours after the picnic. Estimating the frequency of exposure. 1. Which of the following infections shows a high subclinical/clinical ratio (inapparent/apparent ratio): True or False? Sexually transmitted diseases are examples of a residual disorder, one for which the contributing factors are known but for which methods of control have . Determination of the incubation period for a disease outbreak helps to: The first case of a disease to come to the attention of the authorities, Physical components, Social components, Economic components, An animate, living insect or animal that is involved with the transmission of disease agents, An immunity the host has developed as a result of a natural infection with a microbial agent or acquired from an injection of a vaccine that contains an antigen, Immunity that is acquired from antibodies produce by another person or animal, human beings, animals, insects, soils, or plants, The units of analysis are populations or groups of people rather than individuals. radiation, would be outside the scope of epidemiology. Which of the following is not usually an aim of epidemiology? True or False? The Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) is responsible for: Tracking down unusual disease outbreaks in the United States and foreign countries. b. the fact that influenza is a disappearing disorder. A major disadvantage of cohort studies over case-control studies with respect to the role of a suspected factor in the etiology of a disease is that: They permit direct estimation of risk (or incidence) of disease in those exposed to the suspected factor. of the world population was infected by it. An outbreak of salmonellosis occurred after an epidemiology department luncheon, which was attended by 485 faculty and staff. Eighteenth. The term health disparities refers to differences in health outcomes (e.. mortality and burden of disease) that are closely linked with social, economic. The reservoir for Q fever is infected livestock, e.g., cattle, sheep, or goats. Assume the true prevalence of Lyme disease among clinic attendees is 10%. recovering from addiction? centers. True or False? Cyclical Variation in Type 1 Childhood Diabetes : Epidemiology - LWW What type of study is preferred for assessing rare diseases? At Hospital B, the surgeons report a one-year mortality rate of 8% for the same procedure. example. Incidence is often expressed as a rate per unit of population and time (e., per 100, overreferral of persons without disease for diagnosis iii. Policy implementation 5. Methods to assess seasonal effects in epidemiological studies of Indicate the level of prevention (A, B, C, or D) that is represented in questions 1 through 5. The death rate per 100,000 for coronary thrombosis is 422 among non-smokers and 599 among smokers. Changes in exposure to infectious agents, A null hypothesis is most similar to which of the following. How much did the death rate due to I & P decline? In current thinking, the term epidemic is used only to describe outbreaks of infectious disease. An outbreak of salmonellosis occurred after an epidemiology department luncheon, which was attended by 485 faculty and staff. Use of the drug is a protective factor for congenital malformations, Failing to account for age cohort effects in smoking prevalence may, Obscure the fact that there has been a shift in the age of onset for lung cancer toward earlier ages.
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